Hanan M Garalla
Benghazi University, LibyaPresentation Title:
Wnt signaling-associated proteins, β-catenin, and E-cad- herin as a potential immunohistochemical biomarker of the progression of adenoma to colorectal carcinoma
Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common and one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity globally among gastrointestinal tract tumors. A benign polyp is the first step in the multistage pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, which eventually progresses to an adenoma and a carcinoma. Wnt/ βeta-catenin signaling pathway plays an initiating and rate-limiting role in colorectal tumor- igenesis.
Aim of the work: To evaluate the association between the immuno- histochemistry (expression of E-cadherin, and β-catenin with the his- topathological grade, and stage of colorectal cancer.
Materials and Methods: The study was retrospectively collected from the archives of the Department of Pathology in Tobruk Medical Center. Eighty-two histopathologically confirmed cases of adenomas (n = 48) (tubular, villous, and tubulovillous), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Mucinous, and Non-mucinous) (n = 34) were included in this study over two years (2021-2023). The histopathological diagnosis, grade, and staging of the tumors were obtained. While clinical information was obtained from medical records and pathology reports immuno-histochemical staining was performed for all the cases using E-cadherin and β-catenin antibodies, and the results were ana- lyzed.
Results: A total of 82 patients were studied out of these, 51(62.2%) patients were male, whereas 31 (37.8%) were females with a male: female ratio of 1.6:1. Age ranged from 30 years to 80 years. The mean age was the mean age of 52.9 (SD±15.8). A high prevalence of adenoma cases was observed in the age group 30– 40 years. The peak incidence for both types of colorectal carcinoma was in 61-70 years. By scoring the intensity of β-catenin there are significant correlation of β-catenin expression with tumor grade, stage, lymph node metas- tasis, and types of adenomas. The intensity of staining of E-cadherin in 48 cases of adenomas was showing high expression in 39 cases (81.3%), and low expression in only 9 cases (18.7%). While, the ma- jority of the patients with CRC (58.8%) had low expression of E-cad- herin levels, and (41.2%) had high expression.
Conclusion: Our findings imply that E-cadherin and β-catenin may contribute to the invasion and progression of colorectal cancer, which may serve as prognostic indicators for colorectal carcinoma Keywords: Immunohistochemistry; β-catenin; E-cadherin; Colorec- tal adenoma; Colorectal adenocarcinoma
Biography
Dr. Hanan M. Garalla is an Associate Professor of Pathology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Libya. She earned her PhD in Pathology from the University of Liverpool, UK (2017), following her MSc and MBBCh degrees in Benghazi. With over two decades of experience in academia, and research. Dr. Garalla has made significant contributions to medical education and cancer pathology research. She previously served as Head of the Pathology Department (2020–2024), where she led curriculum development, supervised postgraduate research, and initiated annual scientific events. She has also been Vice-President of the International Collaboration Department at the Faculty of Medicine, fostering academic partnerships. Her teaching expertise spans medical, dental, pharmacy, and paramedical students, with a focus on problem-based , team-based learning, case based learning approaches. Her research interests include cancer cell biology, tissue culture, western blotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and innovative methods in pathology education.Her dedication to bridging theoretical knowledge with clinical practice makes her a valuable asset to the field of pathology.
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